Physics of Rowing :: physics row boating

Missing enciphersMarathon runners talk about hitting the wall at the twenty-thirdmile of the race. What rowers confront isnt a wall its a mess hall - anabyss of chafe, which opens up in the second minute of the race. Largeneedles ar being driven into your thigh muscles, while your fore coat of arms seemto be splitting. Then the pain becomes confused and disorganized, notlike the windedness of the runner or the leg burn of the biker but anall-over, savage unpleasantness. As you pass the five-hundred-meter mark,with three-quarters of the race still to row, you realize with reverethat you are not going to make it to the finish, but at the same time theidea of letting your teammates down by not rowing your hardest isunthinkable...Therefore, you are going to die. Welcome to this life.-- Ashleigh TeitelThe BasicsThe sport of rowing involves numerous combinations and classes of athletes. Boats toilet be rowed with or without coxswains (the non-rowing captain) and by 1, 2, 4, or 8 rowe rs. Each rower can handle one oar (sweeping) or two oars (sculling). Racing shells are currently being made with Carbon or Carbon/Kevlar combinations. The act of rowing involves the alter of momentum by the rowers and their oars to the water. The momentum is transferred to the water by pulling on the oar and pushing with the legs (the feet are attached to the boat by restraints). This causes the seat to slide rearwards and the oars to pivot on the riggers. Each stroke is made up of four basic parts catch (blade vertical in the water, knees bent, arms forward), drive (legs straight, arms pulling toward the body), finish (oar out of water, blade vertical), recovery (body moves forward, blade turns from vertical to the horizontal). For some of the basic lunges acting on a 4+ (coxed four) see Figure 1.Figure 1 mx is the mass for each rower x (1-4) and coxswain (c), M is the mass of the boat, and Fx (x=1- 4) is the force exerted by the stroke and Fdrag is the resistive force of the wa ter. DragDrag is the transfer of momentum from our moving object to a fluid. A crew moves through both water (in cope with with the shell) and air (in contact with a small part of the shell and the rowers). Effect on CrewTo minimize air resistance rowers wear skimpy unis and force their coxswains to lay in the very short and narrow stern of the boat.

Sterility Drug Progesterex Urban Legend :: Urban Legends

Sterility Drug Progesterex Urban LegendThe source for this urban legend is a 19 year old male of Palestinian descent who is currently studying engineering at Montgomery College. His father owns a heating and air conditioning company and his mother is manager for a high school cafeteria. This source first heard the story on the Internet when he received the story on an online Web group. He thence spread the warning to all of his contacts. You should tell all the misfires you know to be careful because there have been cases in Boston where little girls who have been slipped roofies rohypnol, a common land date rape drug utilise to incapacitate the victim for date rape were also slipped a horse sterilizer. This spick-and-span drug is becoming popular because when it is utilize the woman that is raped cant have a child and later identify the suspect through DNA testing. Apparently one girl was slipped these two drugs and was found the next morning by police and was taken to the hos pital. There the doctors say that at least five men had raped her. The girl had no knowledge of the events because of the roofy she was slipped. Doctors also informed the police and the patient that upon blood testing that a low grade horse sterilizer was used on the victim and that she would never be able to have children due to the effects of the drug. The horse sterilizer is readily available to veterinarians and farmers, so it is easy to find. This new drug will sterilize someone forever, so tell them to be careful.This harrowing story was told quite compellingly with strong body language. What was most effective close this performance was that the source never hesitated when he spoke and was very clear on details. During the wide-cut course of this performance, it seemed that the performer was fully convinced of the validity of this story. During the entire performance the word which he emphasized the most was forever, when mentioning the effects of the horse sterilizer on wo men. He was very insistent that the drug affects women permanently and that is why it is so dangerous.Upon further research of horse sterilizers and rape, the name that came up most often was Progesterex. A site search of Progesterex on www.webmd.com (a health service page) resulted in zero finds, with suggestions for progesterone, which is a naturally occurring hormone in women that prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Preparing Teachers for Certification Essay -- essays papers

Preparing T all(prenominal)ers for CertificationEach order has its own specific standards that argon constantly under revision. The state of Maryland issues teacher certificates for early child hood, elementary education, special education, and then several areas of secondary education. Many of these areas are the traditional, core subjects but certificates can too be obtained in areas like outdoor education, agriculture, data processing, or as a work based learning coordinator. (Certification Educator culture System, n.d.) To gain documentation in each area, a prospective teacher must complete an approved program that leads to that particular testimony. The traditional method of certification is through college and university programs and each one has its requirements and guide lines that will lead to such certification. In addition, all candidates applying for an initial teacher certificate are required to present qualifying pull ahead on the Praxis I Academic Skills Assessme nts and the appropriate Praxis II Subject and Pedagogy Assessment, where required. Out-of-state candidates must meet Marylands qualifying scores. (Certification Educator schooling System, n.d.) Information for teachers on locations, dates, and fees can be found at the Maryland State Department of Education home page.There are several different certificates that a teacher can receive upon completion of an approved program. For example, a PEC or Professional Eligibility Certificate will be issued after all certification requirements are completed and will be valid for five years to someone not currently employed in the state of Maryland (Certification Educator Information System, n.d.) Other examples of possible certificates are the Standard Professional... ...but the information is a little old since it was published in 1997. Lucas, C. (1997). Teacher education in america renew agenda for the twenty-first century. New York St. Martins Press Includes historical perspectives, as wel l as origins and development of teacher education in America. There is likewise a portion about recommendations from working teachers. This source is also a little outdated. Mack-Kirschner, A.(2003). The teachers guide to national board certification unpacking the standards. New Hampshire Heinemann. This is an overview of the National Boards certification standards. Shes actually explaining to teachers the preparation they must go through to get their certification. I think this is a great source for me. I have two otherwise books with a lot of good information but this one was published in 2003 so the information is up to date.

Affirmative Action Will Build a Strong Nation Essay -- affirmative act

approving Action Will Build a Strong Nation approbative Action a lot upon hearing this word, one will start thinking about quotas and reverse discrimination. However, contrary to this misconception, affirmative implement is actually a policy that dictates that employers attempt to arrest diverse employees by exploring untraditional sources of labor. The goal of affirmative action is to create a work force that mirrors the population of the nation both in gender and in ethnicity (Hanmer 8,10). Affirmative action is necessary to give all Americans an opportunity to be successful and to counteract the discrimination that still exists in modern society. Affirmative action is not only morally justifiable, but it is also socially and economically preferable in order to improve our society. The United States government graduation implemented affirmative action to overcome some of the clear differences in living conditions between people of different genders and races. Unfortunately, t hese differences still exist and eliminating affirmative action now would be premature for our nation. Affirmative action is essential to compensate for the fact that women and minorities receive fewer opportunities to succeed. Even after laws were passed to end institutionalized racism, the sporting males who owned the businesses and held the best jobs before continued to own the businesses and hold the best jobs. While legal equality may have been achieved, the nation was nowhere mount having true social equality. As President Lyndon B. Johnson stated when he first started affirmative action, This is the next and the more profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We examine not just freedom but opportunity. We seek not just legal equity but human abi... ...., William. Give Affirmative Action date to Act. AAD Project. 1 Dec. 2000. University of California Santa Barbara, Department of English. 19 Feb. 2002 http//aad.english.ucsb.edu/docs/darity.html. Hanmer, Trudy J. Affir mative Action Opportunity for All?. Hillside, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1993. Mask, Susan. Countering the Myths A Proponents Point of View. University of Iowa, Office of Affirmative Action. 25 Feb. 2002 http//www.uiowa.edu/oaa/counteri.htm. Plous, Scott. Ten Myths About Affirmative Action. Journal of Social Issues. 52.4 (1996) 25-31. Pressley, Sue Anne. Texas Campus Attracts Fewer Minorities. Washington Post. 28 Aug. 1997, http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/affirm/stories/ aa082897.htm. Supplier Diversity. Nike. 17 Mar. 2002. http//www.nikebiz.com/diversity/supplier.shtml.

Margaret (peggy) Timberlake Eaton Essays -- essays research papers

Margaret (Peggy) ONeal (who preffered to be called Margaret) was born in 1799 in uppercase DC. She was the daughter of William ONeal, who possess a thriving boarding house and tavern called the Franklin House in that same town. It was frequented by senators, congressmen, and all politicians. She was the oldest of six children, growing up in the center of our nations emerging political scene. She was always a favorite of the visitors to the Franklin House. She was sent to one of the best schools in Washington DC, where she studied English and french grammar, needlework and music. She also had quite a talent for dance, and was sent to private lessons, becoming a very good dancer. At the duration of twelve, she danced for the First chick Dolley Madison. Visitors of the Franklin House also commented on her piano playing skills. During Margarets teenage years, there were m any rumors circulating about her romances. The stories included one of a suitor who swallowed poison after she refused to return his affections, one of her being briefly linked to the son of President Jeffersons treasury secretary, and one of her botched elopement to a newfangled aide of General Winfield Scott. As the story goes, she accidentally kicked over a flowerpot during her climb down from a bedroom window, which woke her father, who promptly dragged her back inside.When capital of ignoreissippi first met Margaret at the age of 24, he took an immediate liking to her. The tavern had been recommended to him by his close friend hind end Henry Eaton, who would later marry Miss ONeal and cause quite a scandal. Jacksons wife, when meeting Margaret a year later, was equally taken with her. Margaret married a navy purser named John Bowie Timberlake. They had three children together, one whom died while still an infant. When John was gone at sea, John Eaton entered the picture again, escorting Margaret on drives and to parties. The rumors flew around town of Margaret and Eatons supposed af fair, and of her keep ups drunkenness. The people around town were all saying that the reason Timberlake kept sailing was to avoid his wifes obvious philandering. Timberlake was soon reassigned to the Mediterranean squadron. The Mediterranean was very hot and contained few friendly ports in those days, making it a less than pleasant assignment. Timberlake died while in the Mediterranean, the official cause was pulmonic disease. ... .... It was common protocol that if two members of the cabinet resigned, the rest would do so out of courtesy in order to allow the president to reorganize his cabinet. With close to resistance, all of the cabinet members resigned, allowing Jackson to rename the members and hopefully end the affair once and for all. The newspapers attributed the cabinets fall the Margaret Eaton, and everyone thought that Jackson had doomed any hope for reelection. Jackson was reelected, with Van Buren as a running mate. He quickly sent Eaton to the Florida territory, where he became governor. Two years later, Jackson appointed Eaton as the United States minister to Spain. Margaret and John thoroughly enjoyed their lives in Spain for a period of four years. John Eaton died in 1856, leaving Margaret a small fortune. She lived in Washington DC with her two daughters, both of whom married into high society. It seemed as though Margaret finally had the societal life and respect she had always wanted. She changed all of that when, at the age of 59, she married her granddaughters 19 year old dance tutor, Antonio Buchignani. A mere five years later, he ran off to Italy with her money and her granddaughter.

Margaret (peggy) Timberlake Eaton Essays -- essays research papers

Margaret (Peggy) ONeal (who preffered to be called Margaret) was born in 1799 in uppercase DC. She was the daughter of William ONeal, who owned a thriving boarding house and tavern called the Franklin House in that same township. It was frequented by senators, congressmen, and all politicians. She was the oldest of six children, evolution up in the midst of our nations emerging political scene. She was ceaselessly a favorite of the visitors to the Franklin House. She was sent to i of the best schools in working capital DC, where she studied English and French grammar, needlework and music. She also had quite a talent for dance, and was sent to private lessons, becoming a very good dancer. At the age of twelve, she danced for the First Lady Dolley Madison. Visitors of the Franklin House also commented on her piano playing skills. During Margarets teenage age, there were many rumors circulating about her romances. The stories include one of a suitor who sw kicked poison after s he refused to return his affections, one of her being briefly linked to the son of President Jeffersons treasury secretary, and one of her botched elopement to a young aide of General Winfield Scott. As the story goes, she accidentally kicked over a flowerpot during her climb down from a chamber window, which woke her father, who promptly dragged her back inside.When Jackson first met Margaret at the age of 24, he took an immediate liking to her. The tavern had been recommended to him by his close friend John enthalpy Eaton, who would later marry Miss ONeal and cause quite a scandal. Jacksons wife, when meeting Margaret a year later, was equally taken with her. Margaret unify a navy purser named John Bowie Timberlake. They had three children together, one whom died while still an infant. When John was gone at sea, John Eaton entered the picture again, escorting Margaret on drives and to parties. The rumors flew around town of Margaret and Eatons supposed affair, and of her husband s drunkenness. The people around town were all saying that the reason Timberlake kept sailing was to avoid his wifes obvious philandering. Timberlake was soon reassigned to the Mediterranean squadron. The Mediterranean was very hot and contained few friendly ports in those days, making it a less than pleasant assignment. Timberlake died while in the Mediterranean, the strikeicial cause was pulmonary disease. ... .... It was common protocol that if two members of the cabinet resigned, the rest would do so out of courtesy in order to allow the president to reorganize his cabinet. With some resistance, all of the cabinet members resigned, allowing Jackson to rename the members and hopefully end the affair once and for all. The newspapers attributed the cabinets fall the Margaret Eaton, and everyone conception that Jackson had doomed any hope for reelection. Jackson was reelected, with Van Buren as a running mate. He quickly sent Eaton to the Florida territory, where he became govern or. Two years later, Jackson appointed Eaton as the United States minister to Spain. Margaret and John thoroughly enjoyed their lives in Spain for a period of four years. John Eaton died in 1856, leaving Margaret a small fortune. She lived in Washington DC with her two daughters, both of whom married into high society. It seemed as though Margaret finally had the societal life and respect she had always wanted. She changed all of that when, at the age of 59, she married her granddaughters 19 year old dance tutor, Antonio Buchignani. A mere five years later, he ran off to Italy with her money and her granddaughter.

Children in Society Essay

As pip-squeakren grow up, they are influenced more and more by the sphere outside their homes, and by their friends, parents friends, teachers, and batch they attend and interact with in the outside world. Hence this essay shall be focussing onhow family influences children and modern mess, and the effect of parental and family influences on the individualizedity development of children and infantile people. Furthermore, current social and equal opportunity issues which may influence the development of children in a multi-cultural auberge in Great Britain will be explored. The roles and responsibilities of well-disposed Services, wellness Care Trust, Private Sector, and Child Care Agencies as multi-disciplinary and interagency realiseing together will be analysed. Lastly, this essay will reflect on my personal experiences in my work placement, in relation to regeneration and confidentiality will be maintained all through the learning outcomes. Family can be defined differ ently as there is no typical family model across society (Lamanna et al, 2006).However, United Nations (1948) stated that the family is the natural and funda rational group unit of society and is authorise to protection by society and the state. As family patterns change over time, Crawford (1999) asserted thatsocietys definition of family is rapidly expanding and has come to include single parents, racial couples, blended families, unrelated individuals living cooperatively, and homosexual couples, and so forth. For instance, the Nuer ghost marriage in Sudan is different from what is considered as typical family backdrop in the west as described by Maybin and Woodhead, whichstated that a dead husband continued to be the father of the children born to other lovers by the widow (Maybin and Woodhead 2007). This form of family emphasizes the social linkup among children and parent rather than biological ones.McDaniel et al (2005) has a different view about what a family isWe defin e family as any group of people related biologically, emotionally, or legally.From a West African cultural point of view, a family consists of the father, mother, children and extended relatives, which are referred to as the nuclear family (Widmer and Jallinoja 2008).People who awake(p) together in the village setting may not involve a biological connectionor emotional links but are regarded as a family, as long as they co-exist in the same geographical location. From all these view points, children and young peoples lives are modelled, influenced and parasitic upon which family structure they arise themselves. Maybin and Woodhead (2007) argued that there is no such thing as auniversal family, just as there is no such thing as an elevated family. correspond to Piaget as cited by Shaffer and Kipp (2010)children and young people learn from their parents, and they are influenced by family structure and finale, including their genetic makeup, which influences their personality. F or instance,introverted, outgoing, clever, sporty, or anxiety might be a copied trait from parents (Sue, 2006). Stark and Buzawa (2009) stated that the family is a childs first role model not only do they set examples for children and guide them in how to make good choices, sometimes they end up sending the wrong signals to children and young people.For instance, checking the records of a child from a lone(prenominal) parent who was showing asocial behaviour at work placement, suggested that the reason why the child has been violent towards other children in the Nursery was because he had witnessed a violent relationship between his parents. Conversely,Chief Judge Judith Kaye as cited by Wilson (2005) argued that Exposing a child to domesticated violence is not presumptively neglectful. Not every child exposed to domestic violence is at risk of being violent in many instances.Yet this is an influence that may influence children and young people(Wilson (2005). However, Munger (2008 ) stated that a lot of researchers engender suggested that parents dont actually down much influence on their childrens behaviour. Munger (2008)further stated that some studies relieve oneself suggested that mothers have an unbalanced influence on children, and that an authoritative parenting style leads to the best results. The effects of family structure on children may be dependent on the gender of the child as described by Hastings (2005) which stated that girls tend to be more helpful, sympathetic, and passionate, while boys are more friendly, eng corned, and assertive without being aggressive.All these behaviours are natural traits found in children irrespective of their background (Hastings 2005). Nevertheless, from my work experience, children from violent homes have exhibited some form of aggression towards their compeers irrespective of gender. Hence Hastings (2005) opinion on narrowing children behavioural influence to gender may be arguable, in that boys from my work placement experience display more antisocial behaviour than girls. The impact of social influences and diversity can have a huge effect on children and young people, especially those living in social housing, being in a lone parent family and those from the ethnic minority group (Shaw, 2010). For some children, the risk of poverty is a greater influence as a result of their circumstances. Maybin and Woodhead, (2007) asserted that the sterling(prenominal) risk of poverty is for those children and young people who live in a family where no one is in work. For instance, placement observations suggested that children from affluent background tend to visualize the best schools than those that are not hence aspirations from that parent are higher, which in turn affects school performance.Furthermore, indirect discrimination from top academic institutions such as Oxford University is a typical example of social exclusion at the entry stage (Stewart et al,2005).The impact is that choices are limited, which may well affect future bank line opportunities(Tomlinson, 2009). Within large families, the rate of joblessness in large families is higher than for parents in smaller families. This is largely due to a lack of affordable childcare (Lupton and Tunstall, 2008). As a result of this, children may be excluded from early education where by affecting their life choices. For instance, work records suggested that large families can often struggle to meet the costs of school uniform and equipment, and are also at particular at risk of going into debt. Work records also suggested that young people aged over 16 who do not get family support are much more likely to be poor and as adults to remain dependent on benefits or low paid work.Wilson(2011) stated thatyoung people receive less stable benefit and have a lower minimum net income than older adults, and young people, who receive less income support, are ineligible for assess credits, and are restricted to a lower level of housing benefit do them vulnerable to poverty as young adults (Lupton and Tunstall, 2008). There is a shortage of affordable housing due to high rents in the private sector and a lack of investment in maintaining a good standard of social housing (Shaw, 2004). For instance, childrens information in my work placement suggested that, children who live in bad housing are more likely to suffer from poor health and to suffer from disability or long term illness (Shaw, 2004).Additionally, big businessman et al, (2011) identified that Social Worker had warned the government on the re-housing of paedophiles in East capital of the United Kingdom estates.The effect of this is that, parents tend not to allow their children to play outside, which could affect peer interaction and create further damage to companionship cohesion. Statistics in Britain show that children living in poor housing often have poor educational attainment (Hills et al, 2009). They are more likely to have been excl uded from school and to leave school with no GCSEs. For instance, Placement data shows that children from poor housing estates, who visit our setting regularly, are often without GCSEs. However, my work settings has adopted a mentoring strategy to motivate young people in this category to believe in themselves, and monitoring of this approaching has helped a number of young people to resume attending school. The safety and welfare of children is the office of the local authority, working in partnership with other mankind organisations, the voluntary sector, and service users and carers (Department of Health, 2006). All local authority services have an impact on the lives of children and families, and local authorities have a particular responsibility towards those children and families most at risk of social exclusion.For instance, Greenwich Local Labour and Business (GLLaB) in collaboration with my work placement, liaise to support young unemployed young residents with voluntary work placements to help them gain practical work experience, qualification and training in a black market of settings. These local authorities also have responsibility for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children who are excluded from school, or who have not obtained a school place, for example children in Pupil Referral Units or being educated by the authoritys home tutor service.As a result of (GLLaB) participation in helping young people, a lot of young people from the Greenwich Borough have been employed at the Olympic site inStrafford(Brown, 2006). However, Greenwich Local Labour and Business (GLLaB, 2011) In addition to advice, helps lone parents to access childcare, give information about benefits and tax credits and render support with job searches, CVs and interview techniques to promote opportunity in the borough. Where possible, they also organise paid work experience placements, including a range of training opportunities.Yet, some lone parents often feel iso lated and lack confidence. Placement experience shows that they may also experience poor sensible and mental health issues and be socially excluded. More needs to be done to help lone parents to overcome the psychological barriers that prevent them from getting back into work. According to Power et al, (2011) the school play active part in bringing families and children from different ethnic and cultural back-ground together, including helping children from disadvantaged background to learn. Power et al (2011) also mentioned that parents of children with special educational needs were positive about how their childrens need has been responded to by the schools, including autism, dyslexia and behaviour issues. For instance, my work placement wasable to support and help a young autistic child from the ethnic minority group who was going through exclusion because there was no trained Special Education take Coordinator (SENCO) in the babys room.Members of staff were not able to provi de proper care for the child as he was stereotyped as aggressive, and was not interacting with other children.In order to help the child, the nursery had to train a staff member in the area of special need this approach eventually supported the child andincluded the involvement of other professionals like the Speech and Language Therapist. The child now communicates better than before and is gradually coming out of language delay. Class mode experience on this course has demonstrated student integration, as we have a diverse student, ranging from black, white and Asians. Class tutors have been able to peer us together during class work and assignments and different ideas from the group have increased my sentiency of how diversity can harness experiences from different back grounds and culture which helps to stimulate learning. According to Halpern (2005) which stated that language difficulties from children and young people that do not have English as their first language could be baffle from the teacher-learner point of view.I have encountered a situation in the work placement where child B(as he will be address in this analysis for data protection reason) was not able to communicate because he is from Africa, he did not play and interact with other children as everything he see in the nursery seemed strange to him. As a result of his situation, he was losing out of daily task and activities, which in turn affected his mental, spiritual and physical development. To support the child, the nursery had to include a one-on-one teaching in to his care plan, and adopted the visual form of teaching by using graphical reinforcement to support his learning. Child B is now able to communicate because teachers and care givers did not discriminate and neglect him. The childs parents also benefited from the nurserys ho referic approach to supporting them to enrol for (Esol) so that they can learn and carry on speaking in English to the child at home, although they we re not disapprove from speaking their original language.The Community Cohesion Programme is an activity my work placement organizes on annual basis to create an awareness of our diverse community, in order to encourage integration, respect and to showour diverse community. Before the event, young people were asked to make a drawing of their country flags andmake a list of food and clothing. During the programme, young people were encouraged to dress in their own native attires, and it also includedperforming cultural dances, and a display of their native foods. Consequent to this, work place records have suggested a reduction of post-code, gang related problems, as young people living in that part of south East London are nowfriendlier. This is in support of the government initiatives in building the big society that could accommodate all, irrespective of race, ethnicity, gender and creed (Cabinet office, 2010).In conclusion, this essay has addressed parental and family influences on the personality development of children and young people. Current social and equal opportunity issues, which may influence the development of children in a multi-cultural society in Great Britain has been addressed. The roles and responsibilities of Social Services, Health Care Trust, and Private Sector, Child Care Agencies as multi-disciplinary and interagency working together has been analysed. Reflection upon personal learning in work placement in terms of promoting diversity and equality has been examined.I have also disagreed with some theories that asserted that sex gender did not have an impact in influencing the attitudes of children and young people. Therefore, organisations, schools and institutions should do more in promoting equality and diversity in order to enjoy the benefit of shared ideas, experiences and foster community cohesion in our modern day Britain. As a professional, stereotyping children and young people based on their ethnicity, gender and culture will be discouraged by reinforcing and promoting equality, diversity and fairness at school among children, young people and colleagues.Reference ListAjegbo, K. Kiwan, D & Sharma, S (2007) Diversity and Curriculum Review, DfES, London. Anisman-Reiner, V.(2007)Adult Children of Divorce Children Who are Over 18 When Parents Separate Are Equally Affected. (Online) Available athttp//victoria-anisman-reiner.suite101.com/adult-children-of-divorce-a19930. (Accessed 01February 2012). Brown, K (2006) Exploring the evidence base for Integrated Childrens Services.Edinburgh. Sage Publications. Buonfino, A. Thomson, L (2007) belong in Contemporary Britain, Commission on Integration and Cohesion, London. Cabinet Office (2010) Building the Big fraternity. (Online) Available at http//www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/building-big-society.pdf. (Accessed 08 March 2012). Crawford, J.M. (1999)Co-parent adoptions by same-sex couples From loophole to law. Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Human S ervices, 80, 271-278. Davis,R, Vasagar J, Meltzer T. (2011) Oxford University diversity row Grades arent enough. The Guardian. Online Available at http//www.guardian.co.uk/education/2011/apr/12/oxford-university-diversity-row-students. (Assessed 24 March 2012). Department of Health (2005) Improving emergency care in England. Online Available athttp//webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/AnnualReports/Browsable/DH_5342101. (Assessed 10 February 2012). Department of Health (2006)works Together to Safeguard Children A Guide to Inter-agency Working to Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children. London. The Stationary Office. Hastings P. (2005)Parents influence on kids behaviour Not much. Available athttp//scienceblogs.com/cognitivedaily/2008/05/parents_influence_on_kids_beha.php. (Accessed 10 March 2012). Halpern, D. (2005)Social Capital. Cambridge. Policy Press.Hills, J, Sefton Stewart K. (2009) Towards a More Equal Society? Pov erty, inequality. Bristol. The Policy Press. Lamanna, M, A. Riedmann, A, C. Riedmann, A. (2006)Marriages and Families. Belmont. Thomson. Levinson, W, Kao A, Kuby A, Thisted R.(2005) Not All Patients Want to Participate in Decision Making. Journal of General Internal Medicine. rule book 20, issue 6, pages 531-535. Lupton, R, Tunstall R, (2008) Neighbourhood Regeneration through Mixed Communities A Social Justice Dilemma. Journal of Education Policy. Vol. 23, no2.pp105- 117. Maybin, J. and Woodhead, M (2007)Childhoods in Context. Milton Keynes. John Willey and Sons Ltd. McDaniel, S.H, Cambell, T. L, Hepworth, J, & Lorenz, A. (2005). Family-oriented primary election care

Technology Impact on Family Time

The impact of engine room on family time Nowadays technology is a part of our real life beca hold most people have the same need that is the convenience. Although technology can provide and serve many functions and applications that hold out the human need but it withal has an impact to our real life as well. The impact of Technology to our real life is time on family. common chord technologies that have impact to family are computer, Mobile Phone, and yellow journalism. The static of tablet sales in U. S. on year 2011 from NPD Group they give tongue to U. S. Tablet Sales excluding apple Exceed 1. Million Units in First Months of 2011,1 this is in one country, that mean tablet is a new technology which every people attend. Tablet is a device that suitable for individual person because it easy to take and easy for do a business, but if you use it in your family. You will concentrate solely your tablet not attends to member in your family. The effect of this situation will decr ease time and relationship on family. Therefore, if you are in the family you must use that device to make your family enjoy together or dont use its.However, most of family still attend to tablet by doesnt recover about impacted on family time and relationship. On the other hand technology still has another device that can makes family time increasingly. Causes of computer applications are positive affected on family time. From past to present, there are many types of computer much(prenominal) as Super computing machine, electronic computer PC, and Computer Notebook. Computer has an evolution of itself as you can see a new coevals of computer has smaller size than the old computer. Even though new computer has smaller size, but functions and applications of its not small like size.It can do and serve many things by using functions and applications such(prenominal) as do transaction online, Facebook, E-mail, learning, or playing game. Due to this example, the article of Washing ton State University, Vancouver examines the perceived effect of computers on family time and relationships. The result said (89% perceived that the computer impacted their family relationships, 45% mostly positive impact 24% mixed impact and 20% mostly negative impact). 2 From this article, Computer has positive impact to a greater extent than negative impact.That means applications of computer not effect on family time and relationship. Communication by using mobile sound was cause on family time. The main function of mobile phone is used for communicate between 2 people. Because of mobile phone used for communicate and also support many functions like computer to make communicate easily. Things that new generation mobile phone can do more than old generation mobile phone is communicated by typing and video calling. This function is appropriate very much for communicate, so in part of family.Mobile phone was caused to makes family more talking, eve though they cant see or meet to gether in the house. To sum up, technology was caused on family time very much, because it has an advantage and detriment inside itself. it has an evolution all the time in term of components or applications. Therefore every family should learn and select the advantage of each technology such as use computer and tablet for learning more than playing game, or use mobile phone for participate and communicate in family more than chat to friend.If your family can do like the example your family will gain more time and reduce impact on family. Reference 1 U. S. Tablet Sales excluding Apple Exceed 1. 2 Million Units in First Months of 2011 <https//www. npd. com/wps/portal/npd/us/news/pressreleases/pr_111122b> 2Jane D. Lanigan, Washington State University, Vancouver <http//familyscienceassociation. org/archived%20journal%20articles/FSR_vol14_2008/2Jane_Lanigan. pdf>

Leadership: The MBTI Assessment

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality judicial decision that helps to assess wizards psychological preferences based on a psychometric questionnaire. These preferences were extracted from the typological theories proposed by Carl Gustav Jung writings in his book Psychological Types. The MBTI focuses on normal populations and emphasizes the value of naturally occurring differences. 1 Also recognized commonly as a behavioral assessment tool, the MBTI uses a junto of 4 letters and each represent a clearly defined attribute.Altogether, the MBTI test consists of 16 different personality subjects that will describe ones personality in alleged detail. The MBTI test has reviewed that I am face ENTJ which covers aspects of being extraverted, intuitive, thinking and judging altogether but in different extents. match to Dr. David Keirsey, he states that a person with type ENTJ is recognized as a Fieldmarshal or basically someone who is a natural born leader as agreed by Joe Butt in his article on ENTJ.He adds that this attribute of Fieldmarshals are a rare breed that are natural at taking the lead, are structural organizers and have an act on devising contingency plans. These collectively form characteristics of a leader who will be vital and are visionary in setting goals and direction. Having these traits of a leader, Fieldmarshals are expected to take up roles of higher responsibility and will usually take pleasance in them. However their strong devotion to their work may sometimes be a hindrance to their social lifestyles.A nonher prevalent characteristic of a Fieldmarshal is the tendency to emphasize on efficiency and are usually intolerant of prodigality. 5 &6 I have to admit that while reading the results and review of my personality type it felt like a strong confirmation of how I evaluate myself. Most of the traits specified were indeed very accurate such that I am a natural leader. I have come to image that not only do I have the tende ncy to lead others but I similarly enjoy taking responsibility and I feel more comfortable in planning ahead rather than doing things spontaneously.Being extraverted is in any case a spot on because I am that person who would walk across the room to get to know someone new and am not afraid to express my thoughts publicly. Looking at the basis of how the personality results were generated, I still do not comprehend how I only scored 1 in the Thinking category as I usually make decisions based on facts and logic. Apart from the MBTI test, the Dominance Influence Steadiness Conscientiousness (DISC) test is also another credible assessment tool that provides an effective feedback and rational to help one identify his/her personal behavior and strengths, thus increasing self-awareness.The DISC assessment is a shorter test as compared to the MBTI and yet yields more specific results from over 19,000 personalized responses and 384 separate behavioral descriptions. 3&4 One other assessme nt would be the Herrmann head Dominance Instrument (HBDI) which measures thinking preferences in people. This model functions very similar to the others by incorporating cognitive style measurement. HBDI in short, adapts a concept of determining ones dominant thinking style based on analytical, sequential, interpersonal and imaginative aspects. 7&4 Paul D.Tieger and Barbara Barron-Tieger, who are both recognized experts in personality type and career development, agreed that the MBTI can serve as career counselors to guide and find jobs that are best suited for a person. 8 However the Army search Institute commissioned a review on this and argued that there is no evidence for the utility of the test and further claimed that the classification scheme is limited and may be an example of stereotyping personalities. Other questions have been raised in David Pittengers report of how the MBTI instrument comes up short for what it purports to measure.Some of which are mainly concerns on t he reliability and validity of the results. 9 Considering all that, the objective of the MBTI is somewhat achieved when it helps to facilitate self-awareness which can then lead to self- improvement. With critical feedback provided, one will be able to realize their potential essentially natural leaders, and also to reaffirm ones focus on their strengths. As discussed, discretion may be necessary to hold dear one against undue reliance upon the MBTI especially in career choices.

My Choice Is Reading Essay

By reading books, people can learn how to compass with problems in their own lives by relating to characters. Readers can see what characters did to get out of bad situations, and what they learned from them. In Uglies by Scott Westerfield the reader grasps that what someone looks like on the outside doesnt matter, and it is what is on the inside that counts. The wrongdoing In Our Stars and Looking For Alaska by John Green both submit with death at a young age and losing loved ones. Love is a serious topic in all of these books, and an important lesson learned is that love is blind.The Fault In Our Stars is a love story between Hazel and Augustus who are both battling cancer at the same time. They meet at a cancer support sort out and fall in love, but then the cancer in Augustus comes back and ends up killing him. John Green does a considerable writing wrinkle in making whoever reads the book fall in love with both characters. That is why it is extremely sad in the end because when Gus dies, the reader undergoes the same wo that Hazel has.Loosing a loved one is also a foot in Looking For Alaska. Miles decides to go to a boarding school, and while there, he makes friends for the primary time. More importantly though, he meets Alaska whom he loves from the first moment he saw her. Alaska already has a boyfriend and she will not cheat, but she lugubriously reflected a secret love for him. Unfortunately she perishes in a car crash so their relationship will al ways be a gravid perhaps. Miles love story is a little incompatible than Hazels in a way that Hazel got to really experience the love onwards it was torn, whereas Miles was an unexplored mystery. People everywhere love differently like in the books by John Green, but both stories are similar because the characters have to deal with the loss of a loved one. Everybody deals with losing loved ones in different ways.In Looking For Alaska the whole book is written in the parts before and later on Ala skas death. This shows that Miles is unable to separate his own life from her death. In The Fault In Our Stars Hazel deals with the death of Augustus quite differently. She tells her story building up to his death, and later his death skips to the present day to say that even though Gus is gone, she still loves him. Hazel was able to separate her life from his death in a way Miles was not able to with Alaska,while still indicating that their love survived even his death.Looking For Alaska deals with a lot of ripening up. Miles and his friends throughout the whole book are onerous to grow up to be who they want to be. In The Fault In Our Stars Hazel has to find ways to cope with the imminence of her own death, and rather than growing up she has to deal with the process of dying. Hazel has to find her place in death while Miles has to find his place in life. In the book Uglies the theme of growing up to be who you want to be is very important.Scott Westerfields book Uglies is a dys topian book much like Maze get-go or Hunger Games. In Tallys world people live by what they look like. At the age of 16 people get the transformation to turn them into a pretty from an ugly. When someone gets the pretty operation they look like everybody else, but they also get their brain changed. Tally is oblige to grow up and get the operation but she rebels and runs away. Tally finally finds out who she is and who she loves just by being who she wants to be. This book deals with he subject of appearance, which is applicable to society today. Everybody thinks that in order to be happy, that you have to be perfect looking. This book teaches the reader that it is what is on the inside that counts. Just like in The Fault In Our Stars, Hazel does not think anybody will love her because she is dying of cancer. Then Gus does. This deals with the saying that love is blind. When someone loves someone they can look yesteryear all the flaws and only see perfection. All three of the boo ks read deal with this topic.It is so important to read. Reading makes the reader fall in love, cry, and get wrothful or excited. Books open people up to reoccurring themes and make them learn really valuable lessons. The books The Fault In Our Stars, Looking For Alaska and Uglies all relate in different ways, and all deal with very diverse content. The most important lesson learned from these books is to be whom you want and to love unconditionally.

Political Philosophy and Human Beings Essay

Freedom is gener eachy term we use to talk about politics in our confederation nowadays. Eudaimonia is non a freedom simply now it betrays a more(prenominal) ecumenic difference in the way Aristotle approaches different societies. Eduaimonia is a biological excogitation with your living going well With your essenti solelyy attrisolelyes being fully makeed. It is not a matter of your mood. If you ask if some angiotensin-converting enzyme is flourishing it is more than if they atomic number 18 beaming it is ar they becoming everything they sight be. Are they exercising all of their abilities? Freedom doesnt have anyting to do with success. Freedoms for Aristotle is p cheat of eudaimonia.Eudaimonia is a collection of undecomposeds. You penury material things and easy luck and freedom and food and water. Pg. 258 Aristotle maintains eudaimonia is a STATE OF ACTIVITY. VERY IMPORTANT. It is not respectable well being but likewise well doing. Youre a Eudaimonistic person l singlesome(prenominal) if you enact the activities of a eudaimonistic person. You evoket be a good citizen or a happy citizen if you estimable have rights. You have to exercise these rights. Some kind of action at law. Different activities in different cities because different cities have different rules and constitutions. Citizenship is a kind of doing. Citizens have billet.The activity of citizens is that which supports the constitution of the metropolis or country or polis which they ar apart. The evidence of the polis is not just living but to have a good deportment. A good life that combines the success of the individual with the success of a total. It is ceaselessly in per ashesance and an activity. Book 3 chapter 9 a polis is not the selfsame(prenominal) thing as an alliance. You cant take any political intellect between 2 or 3 cities and make them one city. Only worlde beings because they have talking to Aristotle says can make honorable judgments. Not l ike animals judge where the food is but more complex judgments. Page 10 and 11.Our language is capable of making distinctions that atomic number 18nt only physical. Aristotle claims animals dont make example judgments. Language and justice atomic number 18 immediately linked to the function of the polis. Our energy to speak to one another is what makes us political. It is one function of the polis to define good and evil. To come to collective understanding of what is good and what is bad. Human beings have the capacity to debate and judge differently which also means judge badly and judge well. This judging is a kind of activity. It is the business of cities. Even households do in their choosing how to live together.Aristotles discussion of households and cities. Human beings in two principle ways. The member of a lesser whole the household and the member of a larger whole which is the polis Both having opinion parts and ruled parts. Polis Definition of a citizen one who shar es in the administration of justice in the holding of office. He doesnt say what the office is to incorporate all the e invokes in the Greek world. Some monarchies where batch who dont hold office who are still considered citizens. NOW-A citizen is someone who is a legal candidate for office even if they dont hold an office at that specific judgment of conviction.Aristotle says if you have that one person who is qualified to be king either you have to make him king or get rid of him. When Aristotle receives the opera hat govt he says different kinds of government are beter for some circumstances. If city is under attack it whitethorn be smarter to give control to one person to make all the finalitys so thither is no confusion. The circumstance of the not so rich not so poor with some allies and some opponents. BEST THING in this situation is to have a nerve class that can alternate from ruling and being ruled. He means community who arent to rich and arent to poor.The poor a re to desperate and rapacious so they dont essential to consider what is good for everyone. The rich just want to boss everyone around and want charge. The polis is the one coalesce that can be self-concious about its situation and a ruled and a ruling element. If were ruling we might enjoy it to much so this could be a conundrum. If we are part of the ruled we might resent being ordered around. Human organization is like animal organization but it also has a circumscribed problem and a special final result. The best thing is someone who can understand both ruling and being ruled.That is why the middle class would be best for the position. They understand both sides. Aristotle thinks even in a family they are not totally conscious of their situation. A bee hive has a quen bee but the bee doesnt know she is in charge and the other bees dont mind not being in charge it just is what it is. Polity like the A indeedian administration is best because everyone takes a share in ruli ng and being ruled. They drew names out of a hat for rule and you were part of ruling if you were pulled in the hat. The city was small enough so over the course of your lifetime al well-nigh everyone could be assured to be the ruler of the city.Most of your life you were in the other position of being ruled. This is the best in most condition or the average condition. If one person comes along and seem the best to rule and will give eudaimonia for everyone then they should rule but it happens very rarely. HOUSEHOLD AND SLAVERY The household for Aristotle is another form of social compound like the polis but on a smaller scale. Will have a ruling and a ruled element. Aristotle knows in advance because on that point is always a ruling and a ruled element he knows what to look for so it is not surprising when he looks in a household he finds these two things.Aristotles perspective the adult male in a household rules and everyone else is subordinate to that position. All of the househ olds Aristotle could see were dominated by men and for the most part were slave holding. Some period when individuals are not best in charge of their own lives. (children) Discussion 2/7/14 Aristotle is more concerned with the practical sort of things plato was thinking about how it should be. Aristotle sees the ruler and ruled everywhere. Phone- Sound and voice or pleasure and pain which pertains to animals like a throw away screeching or a wolf howling. Logos- is speech and reason and judgment and language.Language and judgment go hand in hand. This is A PART OF beingness HUMAN. 4/10/14 Lecture Notes Hobbes considered by many to be first modern political theorist. Hobbes in politics in conservative for his time and place but his methods are very very radical. HOBBES AND ARISTOTLE Hobbes is opposite of Aristotle. Aristotle appriseed about politics through observation. He observed spirit and looked at how it was replicated towards ourselves. Aristotle thinks all natural beings h ave a telos which is a natural end. A TELOS is something you are destined for not just death. Hobbes participated in scientific debate when he go to paris.Attempt like aristotles to approach politics through nature. HOBBES IDEA of what nature is and how you study are so different from aristotles. The state is an man-made animal says hobbes. What you learn about the natural world will not verbalise you everything and not the most important things about politics and state. The art of man is like the art of god. Look on the political world as a creation but as a human creation making an colored animal. assume human beings alongside other animals. To Hobbes the state is something radically different from animal congregations and it DOESNT HAVE TO BE MADE unlike animals.If it is unmade it is chaos and war. fair to middling the England he had to run away from because of civil war. States are not a part of nature. Aristotle says the state is a natural formation and is suppose to be there. For Hobbes this is not true. WHEN HUMAN BEINGS ENTER INTO A STATE NATURE IS WHAT WE LEAVE BEHIND. Human beings were in an unpolitical state before the state which to Hobbes is the state of nature. We were in a previous condition before the state which is nature to hobbes. To Aristotle everything is nature and human beings are always part of the natural world.Aristotles method is human beings are natural and politics and states were natural so he was going around to all different ones to figure out what they had in vernacular. This makes no sense to Hobbes. No state of any kind is natural to Hobbes. Human beings Hobbes says light-headedly are made by nature and have natural characteristics that human beings have. To Hobbes the people inside the artificial state still have those natural characteristics. You cant leave your body behind to make the state. If states are artificial we can make them how we want. Not aristotles course idea of 3-6 types. Hobbess theory is sort of li berating but also terrifying.No guarantee we are safe. We are not born into a natural order. If there isnt an order that we make we wont make it very long. Hobbess modern science including distrust of the senses. Hobbes is skeptical of our sensory perception and the ability of our senses to tell us the truth. Sensations clearly come from the natural world but we dont know exactly where it is coming from. If we know our senses deceive us in some cases we cant be sure they dont always deceive us. PLATO ALSO DISTRUSTED THE SENSES AND ALSO LIKED GEOMETRY LIKE HOBBES AND EUCLIDIAN GEOMETRY. Plato thinks we can authorise some sort of reason and perceive it correctly.Hobbes is not filled in this. Pg. 4(chapter 1) Deviathlon Information we get through introspection can be trusted. Whoever looks into himself and considers what he does when he thinks of reasons hopes and fear. The only way to know humans and to have secure knowledge is to look into yourself. What you find when you look into yourself is good information to everybody else. When I understanding what im doing when I hope then I understand what youre doing when you hope even if they are different hopes. Same thing with fear. THAT FOR HOBBES IS SECURE STARTING POINT FOR SCIENTIFIC familiarity TO START POLITICS.Chapter 11-No Telos meaning no teleology dont study human beings or any part of nature by postulating there is some utmost ending for them and thinking we can find a way to get them there. Hobbes sees once you get something you want you find something else you want and so on and so on. Like calicles. (from another reading calicles is) Hobbes found this through his own introspection. Hobbes knows his desires are different others but he knows their desire for those things are the same. And he knows that he isnt satisfied when he gets what he wants so he knows others are the same way.Hobbes doesnt mean human beings all seek political power but like calicles the power to get what you want. Being able to arrange the world the way you like it. This for hobbes is what is natural. Not a natural ending but a natural beginning. Putting things into motion. Sees it as a physicist. Putting the world into motion. Hobbes says individuals have desires those desires set them in motion and once they are set in motion they dont tend to stop. Humans are particles seeking what they want with other particles (people) in the way not always getting what we want. Its not just politics to Hobbes that are artificial.Many other things are artificial that aristotles fancy was natural. MOST IMPORTANTLY IS SPEECH. (ARISTOTLE SAID SPEECH WAS THE DEFINING NATURAL CHARECTERISITC OF HUMAN BEINGS. humankind ARE THE ANIMALS WITH THE NATURAL QUALITY OF SPEAKING AND REASON FOR ARISTOTLE. ) Just about everything except our desires are artificial to Hobbes. Speech is an invention. Hobbes says almost every moral finding you want to make you will make it through speech which human beings made up so it doesnt tell us anything. Chapter 4. All moral truths from Hobbes sense are well constructed senses. We have arranged the terms to lineup.The definition the words line up and make sense so it is true and we can define it. CHAPTER 6- GOOD AND EVIL People disagree not because they make mistakes about reasoning which plato would say they disagree because they have different preferences. They see good and evil through their own preferences. You nor I will worship to persuade each other to what we see fit. What does this mean for politics? Calicles who also thought good and evil were words that people made up. Calicles also thought people were better than others. He thought let nature work itself out was permit the powerful people dominate the weak.HOBBES THINKS PEOPLE ARE NATURALLY EQUALLY. That doesnt mean they are equally smart or large or quick or weak. We dont have equal desires wehave different desires. All Hobbes means by natural equality is that everyone of us is vulnerable to being killed by others. No human being is strong enough by themselves to secure themselves physically to secure themselves from others. WE ARE PHYSICALLY VULNERABLE MOST ESPECIALLY TO maven ANOTHER. Human beings are born with physical desires and pack power and security to help you get your desires. We live in a world with no dust we are destined to be apart of like Aristotle thought.We dont settle our differences by appealing to a natural order or moral principles through reason that plato thought we could all agree on. Moral conceptual political conflicts make the world a dangerous place because if you want catholocism you want it for others not just like chocolate which is for you. Fundamentally human beings are bodies in motion. We will not stop unless we come up against counterveiling force. The state of nature is the war of everyman against everyman. Chaos terror and war. We cannot look to nature to solve our problems because nature is the problem.We are each born with set of desires whic h are not in pledge with others. THIS IS POLITICAL PROBLEM WHAT IS THE SOLUTION. Reason and justice are just words we need a counter force. Something to bring order to a course disorganized system. We need something to make all the particles move in the same direction. The brand name signifies the power of the state for Hobbes. There is a solution that has to be imposed just because we are so different. Hobbes understand just how different everyone is and that is a problem. How can you handle the individuality of everyone and make them stop killing eachother when they are left in their natural condition.MUST SET UP A RULE AND GET THEM TO OBEY. We need an incentive that is greater than our natural impulsion of our own desires. Everyone should have their superlative desire being staying alive. So we can enjoy the chocolate or vanilla. We will never enjoy anything in this world unless we are alive. LECTURE 2/12/14 Hobbes In nature there is a lack of agreement, trust and language. L ife at the state of nature is solitary or besotted brutish and short to hobbes. The problem is fear and the solution is fear. We fear our own death that is good because then we all know we have that in commons.It is logical to want to cooperate with other people but you can be tricked or betrayed. We also fear that other people wont perform their contracts. The solution will have to be some sort of unity. Pg. 132 chapter 17 You want to do whats right and you want to agree with other people but they may not cooperate. If you fear other people the leader will take that fear away and make you fear him. You will know everyone equally fears the independent and the consequences for non-agreement so they all have reason to agree. Now you fear death from the self-reliant but maybe not as much from other people so now you can make agreements with one another.The sword hangs over all your covenants with one another. No conflilct for hobbes about being afraid and being free. You are in a position to be liberated from the fear of fellow human beings and the state of nature by entering the commonwealth or the artificial state. All you have to do is give up your will to one man or one group of men. Hobbes thinks its more efficient to have one man do it but it can be a group. Where there is disagreement there is distrust and when there is distrust there is violence and war. By all of us agreeing to let one person speak then when he speaks thats it he has spoken for all of us.Even if we have disagreements it doesnt matter politically he has spoken and that is it. The existence of the leviathan allows us to make deals and agreements with one another about property etc We need a form of agreement that ends the problem so we can live in a fundamentally functioning artificial state. We can create an object of mutual equal synchronal fear. If you can create a state that equally and simultaneously threatens everyone with terrible penalties when they break the law you create t he possibility of law which doesnt exist in the state of nature. It is not a social covenant that protects your rights.It is about a govt protecting your body and your life. Not your rights. You fear govt because it has tremendous power but you are glad it does because it keeps everyone else in line and for yourself you know what to do. If you are a good person in the first place nothing is necessarily being taken away. Yes there is a sword over your head but it brings a situation you wanted anyway. Pg. 170 liberty of the subject lies in the silence of the laws In nature you had the right to anything as far as hobbes was concerned. By placing everybodys rights in one central place you get back security. Law for hobbes is prohibition.Thou, shall, not kill steal etc Law and rights are opposite. The more rights you have the less law the more law the less rights. Punishments dont need to be frequent and laws dont need to be harsh. Whatever the leviathan does not prohibit you are as fre e as the state of nature to do what you want to do. The sovereign needs to equally enforce in fear the violation of the law across a wide range of territory. The sovereign does need to be absolute. Pg. 132 ch. 17 If the sovereign is not absolute the problem is not solved. Without a unity of will the problem isnt solved thats why the sovereign needs to make all the laws.Also the sovereign needs to control all doctrines. Leviathan doesnt guardianship what you think or believe it only cares what you say because it gets them riled up and people think they know whats right which leads them to cause problems. Is it bad to have govt control whats printed and distributed? Hobbes thinks its better than civil war. Hobbes thought everyone who had experienced the terror of civil war and everyman against everyman would take the leviathan. The foundation of this is the fact that we all want to live. What threatens leviathan? Competition, diffidence and glory.Diffidence is hobbes word for distru st. Glory and what hobbes sometimes calls otiose glory is different because it pertains to a different type of good. Some materially desires can be solved without much difficulty like air and water. If we all want land that is a bit of a problem. We can solve that problem with a law telling us what land we get. It is a clear solution it solves the problem if we have a sword that is good enough. Being famous, being important, being well known, being socially eminent and prominent. Those are things that cannot easily be settled by law. Although laws can help them.Land food water air can be distributed but winning cant be distributed. Only one person can win. Only one person can be prime minister etc Not everyone can be a movie star because if everyone was nobody would be. Most people are happy with air water and food and land but some people want to be special and these for hobbes are the most dangerous people because some want glory so bad they will risk their lives for it. Some peo ple want what they want even to the point of death. Antigone is someone who cares about something to the point where she is willing to give up her life for it.The antigones to hobbes are the most dangerous people. They are dangerous and make all of us insecure because the point of his threat was not to induce the fear in the law abiding person but to get you to understand everyone else in the state will abide and will be trustworthy. If the threat is not going to deter all then the system is going to break down. Thats what Hobbes thought happened in the English civil war about religion. Leviathan is a plea for rationality. The rational caculation to value your own life above all other things. There is no natural cure for nature.Letting people do their own thing will not originate into some spontaneous social agreement mostly because they cannot trust each other even if it is in both of their interest to do so. A common fear is a sharing experience. You also experience ruling and be ing ruled at the same time. There is also a sense that the sovereign is all of us. (a bunch of little bodies that make up the leviathan) Hobbes is serious when he says it is a unity. Yes you give up in your rights to the sovereign but you also extend to in the sovereign. The sovereign did not exist until you and I agree to give in and make it so.The body of the sovereign is our collective bodies. For hobbes our bodies are what we have in common. We are free to disagree about everything so long as we dont have a single person to speak for us. The sword is a dictionary or a set of meanings that are legal and illegal not right and wrong. The sword hangs over our head but in our hand we get a dictionary which tells us whit is legal and illegal. Leviathan is also a solution to the moral and linguistic chaos in the state of nature where we dont agree on anything We can also have freedom and liberty as hobbes understands these terms.Not rights. Rights are what you have to give up to have the practice and experience of liberty. Febraury 19th, 2014 ROUSSEAU THE SOCIAL CONTRACT Often appointed to a reason for the French Revolution. Pg. 53 on slavery- We are not going to look anymore at govt nature but we are going to assume all people are equal in nature. Force can create something but it cant create anything right. If there is going to be something in charge it has to be a covenant. (similar to Hobbes) Govt remains with ROUSSEAU something artificial. Rosseau hates hobbes and Aristotle because they are theorists of slavery.Rosseau says there cannot be any such thing as legitimate slavery. If politics isnt going to have a moral function for Rosseau than it isnt worth talking or arguing about. Aristotle theorized a natural slavery but for rosseau hobbes theorized an artificial slavery. Slavery under the sovereign. Rosseau says human beings would never approve to slavery by contract. Government has to be by consent and government has to n some sense respect the equalit y of every person. How to we avoid Hobbes problem of individuals having problems with everyone? Rosseau is not interested in devising a science of politics.Rosseau resembles plato because he wants to work directly in the language of reason. The book is full of historical examples. proportional lessons on political institutions that have worked in the past. Human beings have a special moral capacity which is another reason why slavery is unsufferable to him. HOW IS ROSSEAU GOING TO CREATE A SOCIAL CONTRACT THAT IS MORAL AND IS BASED ON CONSENT? Pg. 60 if each of us takes individual rights against the state then we will end up back in a state of nature. Rosseau says the only thing that can work is the total aberration of every individual.The alienation of ones rights to the whole community. Hobbes said one gave himself to one man or an assembly of men. A contract that is completely neutral. We are all equal before and afterwardward but the nature of our equality has changed. Aft er we are equal beings in this community or new being and we all remain as equal as we are before. The difficulty with this is how does anyone decide what to do. We havent solved the problem of how we decide. Pg. 69- beginning of book 2 If we are going to give everything up to the community rosseau thinks there must be a reason to do it.common interest or the general will. It is not just a series of desires that we happen to share. When there is no love there is no family. Love sustains a family. Even though families go through the motions and confide with legal forms there is no love so there is a difference. The general will is to the state what love is to the family. The animating spirit that sustains it and creates and and without it there can be no such thing as a state. Being a member of a family doesnt mean you dont have your own opinions or interests that may conflict with other members of the family.But being members with a real loving family there is a time you set those interests and opinions to one side because you care about the fundamental well being of the others in your family so you set those things aside. The development of your reason and your realization of your common interest go together naturally as proto human animals what you lack is not a set of interest but a rational capacity to understand the overlap of your interest with everybody elses. Our interest dont change but we realize those interests can be realized beter collectively than they can be singly.The general will exists so long as we continue to believe and support and develop these common interests in the same way the family continues to exist as they believe and support and develop the common view of that family. When you think you are better off without another person it is over even if you go through the motions for a decade after this thought. (likewise for rosseau with a state if we are not committed to them it will not exist even if there is parliament it will be an e mpty form with no general will. ) Standing behind the social contract isan animated spirit that makes the contract possible but it is only possible for a human being. Animals cannot share in a general will because they dont have language and cannot reason together. The general will is meant to be at one in the same time a product of reason and a product of some kind of spirit. You cant see it like love in a family you just kind of know that it is there. Rosseau tended to idealize smaller communities. This kind of political community he is proposing is not well suiting for larger states. Rosseau thinks this is what it takes to very have a state in which people remain free.You do what you need to do because you are happy to be a member of that organization. No one is holding a gun to your head. Even if you are not thrilled to perform the task when you want to do it you understand the non-performance would be letting down your fellows in the community and you dont want tthat to happen because you value the community and the members in that community. All of us have some communities in which we are willingly apart. The only way a community of equals can be governed is if it is governed by the general will. It will be governed by voting by a community that rosseau imagines.It is very different from majority rule. There is in rosseaus republic majority decision making but not majority rule. The point of the assembly is to discover what the general will is to rosseau. You agree to be bound by the majority because it is the only practical decision role. You go along with the decision of the majority because you think they share the same interest of the common good. When you lose that feeling that you are all there for the common purpose then the state is gone and then you dont have a good reason to go along with the majority anymore.The shared purpose is gone and you are back to the state of nature where shared individuals have nothing in common. States can fall apar t because people dont have common interest they can also fall apart because there is not constant interaction. Liberty is what you get when you have the general will in place. The general will is not the same thing as love or patriotism but it is similar to it. The spirit that animates you as you act as a citizen as oppose to a private individual.

Mechanistic Versus Organic Structures

Mechanistic versus Organic Structures a. Mechanistic Structure is appropriate for musical arrangements rivet on a cost- minimization strategy through tight control, extensive division of labor, high formalization and centralization. The information network is limited and employees rarely inscribe in ending making process. b. Organic Structure is change and has low complexity and formalization. It has an extensive information system, and employees rarely participate in decision making. It tends to be flexible and adaptive. c. Structure in function of the organizations fundamental strategy. ) Innovation Strategy focuses on developing important new product or services. An organic coordinate provides the flexibility for this strategy. 2) Cost-minimization Strategy imposes tight controls over expenses and reduces product prices. The mechanistic structure is appropriate. 3) Imitation strategies are not adopted by original innovators but rather by organizations that move into new mar kets after smaller competitors shit demonstrated the potential for success. Limitation best suited to a structure that combines mechanistic and organic. d. Structure is likewise a function of 1) Size.Larger organizations tend to be mechanistic because greater formalization is needed. Strategies also change as sizes changes. Growing organizations practically expand activities within their industry. 2) Technology. An organic structure may be best for coping with non-routine technology because formalization is low. 3) Environment. In general, the more stable the environment, the more mechanistic the organization. A mechanistic structure is appropriate when the environment has little capacity for growth. Dynamic environments require an organic structure because of their unpredictability.Moreover, a complex environment also requires the flexibility and adaptability of an organic structure. a) The environment has three key dimensions i) Capacity is the degree of growth an environment c an support. ii) Volatility concerns the relative instability in the environment. iii) complexness is the amount of heterogeneity and concentration in the environment. Thus, an industry with few very large firms is homogeneous and concentrated. b) Uncertainty not a specific environmental factor. The predate factors determine the level of uncertainty present in the environment. 11.According to Henry Mintzberg, an organization has five components. Depending on which is in control, one of five different structure involve. a. The five organizational components include the 1) Operating core- workers who perform the basic tasks related to production 2) Strategic apex- top managers 3) Middle line- managers who connect the core to the apex 4) Technostructure- analyst who execute a certain standardization 5) Support staff- indirect support services b. The five structures include the following 1) Simple structure (apex) has low complexity and formalities and authority is centralized.Its sm all size and simplicity usually precludes significant inefficiency in use of resources. 2) Machine bureaucracy (technostructure) is a complex, formal and centralized organization that performs passing routine tasks, groups activities into functional departments, has relationships. 3) Professional bureaucracy (operating core) is a complex and formal but centralized organization in which highly trained specialist have great autonomy. 4) Divisional structure (middle line) is essentially a self-contained organization.It is characterized by substantial duplication of functions compared with more centralized structures. 5) Adhocracy (support staff) has low complexity, formality and centralization. Vertical distinction is low and horizontal differentiation is high. 12. Centralization and Decentralization a) Centralization concerns the centralization of authority in an organization and the degree and levels at which it occurs. b) Decentralization is a school of thought of organizing and managing. Careful selection of which decisions to push down the hierarchy and which to hold at the top is required.The degree of decentralization will be greater if 1) More decision are made lower in the management hierarchy. 2) Some important decisions are made lower in the management hierarchy. 3) More functions are unnatural by decisions made at lower levels. 4) Fewer approvals are required before implementation of a decision. c) Centralization and decentralization are relative terms. unassailable centralization or decentralization is impossible. d) The degree of centralization or decentralization depends upon the situation. 1) Information. Decisions cannot be decentralized to those who do not have necessary information. ) Ability. Decisions cannot be decentralized to people who do not have training, experience, knowledge or ability to make decisions. 3) Timeliness. The organization should decentralize decisions requiring a quick response to those near the action. 4) spot of c oordination. The organization cannot decentralize below the level at which coordination must be maintained. 5) Significance of decision. Decisions cannot be centralized to lower levels if they are of critical importance to the organization. 6) Morale. The organization should decentralize, when possible, for the positive influence on morale.

Early Sex Exposure to Youth

Early inner image to youth Shekinah Lorcy Liberty University April 26,2012 Abstract backwash and discussing the article Protecting youth from premature and abusive exciteual experiences, by authors Lynn Rew, Katherine Bowman, the affects of early cozy exposure towards youth what ways stand that be prevented, and things p atomic number 18nts should be aw ar of prior to their kidskinren being exposed. Presenting someoneal thoughts and views on the current social problem, and raising aw atomic number 18ness. Finally considering from a Christian worldview, biblical items plus scriptures.Does a placing person of high faith single out youth from early exposure to sex or any sort of sexual fall into place? Article sum-up Sex is a God given gift, to form and multiply in a way thats honorable to Him. When used unwisely there nooky be serious consequences such as unwanted pregnancies, and STIs (sexual transmitted infections). In case of the article Protecting youth from early and abusive sexual experiences, by authors Lynn Rew, Katherine Bowman, they discuss advantages and disadvantages to early exposure to youth. In todays society sex is portrayed a simple factor in support that has no repercussions or consequences when misused.From the television shows, to Internet, to even the commercials placed, sex sells and rapidly is increasing into the norm of everyday society. Exposing sex to youth at an early age tolerate cause emotional depression, physical malfunctions, and the wrong outlook on life both mentally and spiritually. The article reviews that parents that converse with their children more freely and openly are little the likes ofly to experiment sexual intercourse at a younger age. (Lynn Rew, Katherine Bowman 2011) Knowing the facts help for a breach understanding and less curiousness to testing.When parents practice impersonal relationship with their children, conversations such as sex come easily to discuss amongst each other. umpteen parents b elieve that hiding or not placing an awareness about sex to their children will make them less likely to allow sex when in fact it gains their chances greatly. Also youth that are active in school with extra curricular activities such as being in sports teams arent quite too exposed to sex, compared to a child that goes straight home after classes turns on the TV everyday.Having their minds filled with academics along with extra curricular activities leaves for a balance and non acquaintance with sex. Early sexual contact can also depend on a childs environment. Raising a child around drugs, crime and violence can increase the likelihood of having unprotected sex with others. Schools now are beginning to administer mandatory sex education classes with students as early as freshman in high school. Enforcing this behavior would benefit for decreasing early sexual activity and furthermore raising knowledge for STIs (sexual transmitted infections), the causes and affects of diseases. Thoughts of early sexual exposure to youth as a Social problem As the years progress, sex is becoming a socially accepted norm. Teens who see and hear a lot about sex in the media may be more than twice as likely to have early sexual intercourse as those who are rarely exposed to sexual content. A new study shows that 12- to 14-year-olds exposed to the most sexual content in movies, music, magazines, and on television were 2. 2 times more likely to have had sexual intercourse. Teens are still at a stage mentally were theres still means for improvement.Corrupting it at a young age can lead to many negative affects such as rebellion against family, delinquency, and mental instability. In most cases when teens are going through puberty, they feel the need and compression to fit in, and chances are people around them are becoming sexually active by compeer pressure all around them. As a young teen in high school I had no common knowledge of sex. glide path from a single parent home m y mother and I didnt have the closest relationship, so a conversation about sex was never brought up.The information was only gained through friends, associates and a few close family members, which wasnt the best possible thing to do. If my relationship were closer to my mom I would have approached her about it, but my curiosity lead me to seek other options from other people. Females like myself with just a single parent in the home like a mom we usually seek a male figure for the lack of one not being in the home. Sex is usually acted upon earlier, for the fact of a lack of attention.They get too attach easily since they are being displayed affection whether or not its emotionally or physically. Many times when these decisions are made they are based off of temporary emotion that can affect you in a permanent way, for example early pregnancy. Christian Worldview When combining a strong faith its always best to place scripture with growth and temptations of this world. Families th at raise more awareness and vex when comparing everyday scenarios with scripture can help youth in the family have a better understanding.Reading scripture daily with family causes for expansion of wisdom and can help for better decision making when coming to teen and early sexual exposure. Sex was originally made by God to share between husband and wife with intentions of multiply, and bringing in life to this world. Today sex has lost its initial meaning, people are abusing Gods gift by using it for just selfish temporary pleasures. Sex before marriage is only breaking the covenant between man and God to remain beautiful for your husband and wife.We are so caught up in what the world has to offer that we lose focus on God and his message about sex. Purposely abusing sex for self-interested intentions is in a way cursing God and saying that Hes not important and the word being offered has no relevance to their lives. maculation God was on earth he sacrificed plenty for us mental ly, spiritually and emotionally. The least we can do is return that unconditional love back to Him. He was tempted in the wilderness by the devil, cursed by people, betrayed by his closest friends, hung on the cross and the list continues today in our lives.Due to the fall cause by Adam and Eve sin is easily influenced in our lives. Having God, as our personal savior and becoming more like Him can lead of to a better path in life. Although the road not is easily God will help us every step of the way, as for temptations with sexual impurities, etc. making a way out of no way God will always see you through. Reference Rew, L. (2008, January). Protecting youth from early and abusive sexual experiences . Retrieved from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0FSZ/is_1_34/ai_n24923909/pg_2/? tag=contentcol1

Human Population: The Overpopulation Problem and Sustainable Solutions Essay

Human society lives in the atmosphere of legion(predicate) environmental threats. However, no dangers be as threatening to humanity as those created by humans themselves. want world(prenominal) warming and the extinction of animal and plant species, oer comm social unity has already turned into the definitive feature of the postmodernist environmental reality. Few strategies take on been developed to address the over tribe issue. The optimistic effects of those strategies had been but few.Today, there is an urgent need to develop a global sustain equal to(p) strategy that provide reduce the rates of the population growth to the extent, which will allow humans to meet their present needs without compromising the needs of the prox generations. Overpopulation A Review of the Problem A wealth of literature was written about overpopulation, its causes and consequences. Gilland (2008) defines overpopulation as tattle to a countrys ability to feed its inhabitants (p. 122). In the global contexts, overpopulation implies that the planet no semipermanent possesses resources necessary to satisfy even the basic human needs.More often than not, the concept of overpopulation is discussed in coition to diet and intellectual nourishment consumption patterns. For example, Gilland (2008) provides an extensive review of what a satisfactory average diet is and what remotee conundrums usually indicate the presence of the overpopulation issue. Overpopulation is often equated with conditions of living that manifest through regular imbalance amidst population numbers and the carrying capacity of land and here, food and diets are fairly regarded as the basic measures of overpopulation per unit of land (Fellmann, Getis & Getis, 2007).Overpopulation is problematic because it leads to unavailability of food resources with the caloric content needed to meet individual perfunctory requirements for energy (Fellmann, Getis & Getis, 2007). The situation with developing count ries is particularly difficult, because these countries cannot meet the increment demands of the ever increasing population. Difficulties with food production, continuous poverty, climate changes and significant crop losses add their allocate of complexity to the issue of overpopulation.For example, Africas share of crop production decreased 30% between 1960 and 1990, and further 30% decrease is predicted in the neighboring 25 years (Fellmann, Getis & Getis, 2008). These problems will widen the population-nutrition severance and will turn overpopulation into the basic cause of famines and sparing scarcity (Fellmann, Getis & Getis, 2008). Overpopulation marks the beginning of the so-cal guide plague cycle, which will lead to the collapse of the food supply arrangements and will create environmental constraints, which technologies cannot reduce (Cassis, 2004).The growing pace of technological advancement makes the problem of overpopulation even more controversial, achievements i n technology lead to the growing scarcity of natural resources, especially oil color and gas. The current recount of overpopulation and the continuous population growth on the planet will lead to global crash of the most important supply systems (Cassis, 2004). Urban and densely-populated territories will be among the first to perceive the indecorous effects of overpopulation. Their dense population and woefully inadequate sanitation provide the ideal breeding commonwealth for diseases unused and old diseases that will, sooner or later, be carried to all parts of the world through migration and tourism (Cassis, 2004, p. 178). The poorest parts of the world will experience the drastic consequences of resource depletion and are likely to plunge into revolt in their fight for survival (Kaplan, 1994). With the population of roughly 6. 8 billion today and 211,000 people added any day, the earth is likely to reach the 9. 2 billion point by 2050 (Johnson, 2007).Food and health syst ems will hardly withstand the pressure of the ever growing population. The worlds food supply per capita change magnitude 30% between 1960 and 2000 meanwhile, the worlds oil reserves increased only 3%, and cereal production increase did not exceed 2. 1% (Ehrlich & Ehrlich, 2001). Obviously, the time will come when the growing population will need to fight hard to satisfy the growing feeling of hunger. In light of these complexities, the lack of the overpopulation awareness is at least striking. Cassis (2004) is correct in that the media do little to help people remediate understand how overpopulation impacts the planet.Most individuals do not have any single idea about the finiteness of natural resources and do not recognize the need to preserve the environment for the future generations. However, the resource pie is far from big enough to divide it into equal pieces among everyone (Cassis, 2004). It is high time the human society reconsidered its consumption patterns and turn to the existing overpopulation concerns, before it is too late. Overpopulation Living and Nonliving Factors and Positive and Negative Sides of the Issue Definitely, the current state of population on the planet is the result of both living and non-living influences.The living factors of overpopulation include the growing availability of food resources (including animals), the growing resistance of the human organism to bacterial infections/ diseases, and the growing life expectancy. Among nonliving factors of overpopulation, the most important are public health improvements, the advances in human knowledge of ecology and biology, improve access to nonliving resources like oil and gas, improved transportation and communication and, simultaneously, the growing social gap between different population layers.The availability of food and better human resistance to bacterial infections and diseases greatly contributed to the population growth on the planet. The past 150 years were marke d with the remark adequate increase in food production by farmers between 1965 and 1985 alone, the amount of grain harvested and processed worldwide increased from 630 jillion tons to almost 2 billion tons (Miller, 1995). Rapid technological advancement led to the development of more sophisticated fertilizers, machinery, and new kinds of seed, which altogether sped up the expansion of agricultural production all over the world (Miller, 1995).Unfortunately, the distribution of food resources on the planet remains increasingly uneven. Meanwhile, human society continues hold the most dangerous infections and diseases, making human organism more resistant to various kinds of living organisms. fracture health is both the product of better nutrition and better medical practices. The latter are an requirement nonliving component of the growing population. Really, significant improvements in medical practices and public health systems made the rapid growth of population possible and e ven threatening to the stability of the social order on the planet.Vaccinations, new theories of disease, better systems of food and water supply, and improved waste treatment became the basic prerequisites for the dramatic increase in human population on planet (Miller, 1995). Death rates fell sharply due to secure progress in medical science, while birth rates, especially in the poorest areas of the planet, remained increasingly high (Miller, 1995). For umteen people, having more children became the symbol of healthier life (Cassis, 1994).Modern communications and the sophisticated system of transportation have created better conditions for giving birth to and bringing up children (Cassis, 1994). As a result, with time, overpopulation gradually transformed from a distant perspective into reality. Like any other issue, overpopulation has good and bad sides. Surprisingly or not, overpopulation creates a challenge the society must meet in order to survive. In this situation, people actively melt to develop solutions to the most urgent food supply problems (e. . , the development of genetically modified foods). Nevertheless, negative factors of overpopulation overweigh its positive sides and include the growing scarcity of resources, environmental pollution, the failure of traditional food supply chains, and the growing population-nutrition gap. Overpopulation and the received Sustainability Solutions The growing scarcity of food resources leads governments and social groups to propose and implement sustainable solutions to the problem of overpopulation.Current sustainable policies cover a limited range of instruments and do not resolve the existing overpopulation controversies. In the system of overpopulation solutions, family planning and birth control occupy the central place and are based on Malthuss theory that all biological populations have a potential for increase that exceeds the actual rate of increase, and the resources for the confine of increas e are limited (Fellman, Getis & Getis, 2007, p. 125).Indonesia was among the first to adopt a family planning program that established many village centers to distribute contraceptives and educate people about birth control (Pakenham, 2004). As a result, Indonesia was able to decrease its fertility rates by almost 40 percent (Pakenham, 2004). Other countries, including Thailand, Mexico, South Korea and Tunisia were able to decrease their birth rates the dramatic decrease in birth rates ultimately led to a 33-percent increase in economic growth in East Asia (Pakenham, 2004).Chinese one-child-per-family policies received a great deal of attention (Cassis, 2004). Economies like Japan apply to complex policies of economic growth, based on the belief that economic prosperity and lower fertility rates are closely connected (Cassis, 2004). These, however, are separate attempts to resolve separate issues in separate countries. Humanity never tried to develop a complex strategy to address t he most complex elements of the overpopulation problem at once.

Brand Audit Essay

The sole objective of this bulls eye tarradiddle is to know nearly the mark potency of Mobilink in the Pakistani commercialize in comparison to otherwise competing helping providers. The other objective is to put a spotlight on the contrasting cellular companies operating in Pakistan and the intelligence of the users ab come on them.TARGET AUDIENCEAs far as the Mobilink is concerned, it has no specific tar take on auditory modality because it is catering the requirement of all the users by means of and through its different pack mounts. Cell phone is a requirement of each one so it withalof several segments whether it is youth, ladies or corporate ara. dishonor Positioningmakes sense to propel multiple products to cater to the requirementsRESEARCH METHODOLOGYINTRODUCTIONThe purpose of the query methodology is to carry out different methods of research to accomplish the raiment research objectives pertinent to the disfigurement tracking. For that purpose, a set of q uestions seduce been made to inquire and analyze the responses of therespondents.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe research methodology used in this brand tracking is qualitative as well as quantitative in which we watch not solo used a questionnaire to know the responses of the respondents of the sample group but in like manner open ended questions asked from a set of respondents at mobilink franchises to get a more flexible response from the respondents. Secondary research methods be overly used to get the information regarding the challengers and Mobilink to get to know the grocery structure and the standing of the cellular companies in it. Triangulationand backary research to find the parity in results.SAMPLING DESIGNThe objective lens universe belongs to every segment and class of life because cell phone users belong to every class of nation and we method is used to cross check the results from qualitative, quantitative can buoynot discriminate the object glass market place dishd on SECs. Subsequently, the sample selection is random and random sampling method is used for sample selection to get the feedback of the users from all the classes. The sample size used for the questioning harps of 250 respondents.RESEARCH INSTRUMENTSThe instrument used for the research in this brand tracking activity is primarily a multipurpose questionnaire which comprises of open and close ended questions not only to help in the quantitative research but also in the qualitative research as well. It lie questions pertaining to the brand associations, brand recall, brand image, projective responses and brand values. The reliability of the instrument is measured through the triangulation method by comparing the results of all three research methods.PROCEDURESThe data collection is through the questionnaire from a sample group of 250 respondents. The screening of the information acquired fromentry. All the information from the responses is entered as per the frequency of re spondents over against the questions. These respondents is done manually development MS Excel as a tool for data.The objective of this brand audit report is to measure the brand potency of Mobilink in line with the competing brands. The specific issues faced by the brand in terms of market conditions, saturation in the cellular market and the overall recession in the preservation will also be taken into account while studying the brand. Also, what subproducts fall in the commonize master brand i.e. Mobilink and to which segments these sub-brands argon catering to.When speaking of the prey audience for Mobilink, we should keep in object that in the world of to mean solar day, cell phone is no longer a luxury as was the campaign in 90s but now, it has become a necessity for everyone. So when we speak of cell phone target market, we speak of all the socioeconomic classes from A to E. The brand audit is limited to Karachi only because of limited date and resources. But, in orde r to get a argon covered with a dynamic sample innovation to get diverse views about the brands so as to get a better and augmented taking into custody of the market perceptions about the brands.The approach used for brand audit is mainly the survey through set questionnaire and secondary research methods regarding their inputs on brand imagery & usage, brand recall, brand perception, brand loyalty and brand awareness.stigmaBRAND (SELF ANALYSIS)Pakistan Mobile Communications Limited, better known as Mobilink GSM, is a tele talk wait on provider in Pakistan. The community is Pakistans leading cellular operator with a subscriber base of 31.5m and market share of 31% in October 2010. Mobilinks Head office is located at Mobilink House, 1-A Kohistan Road, F-8 Markaz Islamabad. Mobilinks corporate postpaid package is sold under the brand name Indigo and prepaid by the name of drive in. Mobilink started operations in 1994 as the first GSM cellular Mobile service in Pakistan by MOTORO LA Inc., later it was sold to Orascom, an Egypt-basedgroup is diversifying its service portfolio by setting up new businesses and also expanding through acquisitions. belatedly, they started whirl DSL broadband through a wholly owned subsidiary, Link.Net. Additionally, the company has also launched its wireless broadbandservice through WiMax based engineering under the label of Mobilink Infinity. technology is backed by Alcatel, and company is using a ZYXEL Customer Premises equipment.BCG GROWTH-SHARE MATRIXCompanies that are vauntingly enough to be organized into strategic business units face the challenge of allocating resources among those units. In the early 1970s the Boston Consulting Group developed a model for managing a portfolio of different business units. The BCG heightenth-share matrix dis guides the miscellaneous business units on a graph of the market growth rate vs. market share sexual congress to competitors. OFSBUSCLASSIFICATIONThese packages are pocket-size d growth, high share products. Theseestablished and successful SBUs need less investment to stanch their market share. They produce a lot of cash to support the other SBUs that need investment.These packages are low share in high growth markets. They require a lot of cash to holdtheir share. heed needs to think hard about question marks it shouldtry to build into stars or should be phased out.It is low growth, low share product. It may generate enough cash to maintain itself but do not promise to be large source of cash.PRICING STRATEGY OF MOBILINKMobilink was crack Jazz connexion for about 3000 rupees 5 days passage of time now Mobilink is offering Jazz connections for about ampere-second rupees. In 2002 Ufone which is one of the leading competitor of Jazz introduced its prepay connection for about 2500 rupees. In 2005 Telenor came into existence in Pakistani market and offered its connections for about 500 rupees. Then in 2005 Warid also entered the market offering its conne ctions for 250 rupees. In this way price war ago. Its market oriented statement is Aur Sunao But through thestarted between these telecom brands in the market. Previously it was Jazzs oligopoly as they offered their prices. In 2005 Jazz offered a cadre plus connection and prepaid card implementing a productbundle pricing strategy for creating more attention and attraction. The major shift in the pricing strategy came in when they started 30.second operations using the promotional pricing strategy. In the early days Jazz was offering its sim-cards for a high-price using captiveproduct pricing strategy as its SIM-card is a main product that must be used along with the cell phone. Initially Jazzs call rates and SMS charges were also reduced using discount and allowance strategy and initially enjoin towards promotional strategy as the competition between cellular brands in the market grew faster. Recently Jazz introduced its offerings of 0.99 per minute call rates in their happy hour package which represents their operations with thepromotional as well as psychological pricing of their services. Through its happy hour package they are also operating with promotional strategy as they are engaged in continuous promotion through their offerings.INDUSTRY REVIEWSIn the era of globalization and information society, the fundamental role of telecommunication technologies cannot be underestimated. Although redoubted growth has taken place in the Pakistan telecom sector but closely of it can be attributed to the cellular growth. Fixed line is still awaiting a takeoff. Similarly Value Added Services have magnanimous introduced in the telecom sector some very positive impact have been observed on the growth of the sector in a short span of time which is expected to continue to grow for at least next five years if the daring investors influx continue as in the last 3 years. Our Industry already has LL (Local Loop), WLL (Wireless Local Loop), LDI (Long distance and but ar e still a drop in the bucket. Now that the competition has beenInternational), and ISP (Internet Service Provider) players and WiMax 3G cellular systems are expected be a part of this Industry soon.The Pakistan market has reached 100 million subscribers landmark with cellular fluent tele density of over 60% (PTA fix release Sep 2010).The growth slowed down in 2009 but has picked up again gradually. At 2006 year end the total subscribers were 48.2 million. In June 2007 the total mobile users reached over 63 million. found on numbers published at PTA website for 2007, the total number of million, a teledensity of nearly 49%. In 2007 the average growth rate was about 2.5 million new subscribers each month After second half of 2007 it seemed as if the growth had slowed down but overall it was fine. whizz remarkable achievement was by Zong (formerly Paketl) whichlaunchedverysuccessful.Telecommunication Co. Ltd (PTCL), is now under the control of Etisalat group of UAE. It has 20% of s ubscriber share and added the most lines (2.4 million) from 2006-07. Warid, owned by the Abu Dhabi group of the United Arab Emirates and sister of Wateen group is number 4 with 17.0% market of subscribers. Recently it sold 30% share to SingTel. Norways Telenor, a recent entrant with about a one million million million US dollar investment in Pakistan has been doing well, based on its recent earning report. It has about 24% of the market share. Telenor stock is listed in the Oslo stock market (TEL) and in US (TELNY.PK). CMPak (Zong brand), formerly Paktel, was the latest target of foreign acquisition. After it got acquired by China Mobile it was rebranded as Zong and launched one of the most successful and hostilecampaigns. Within a matter of few months, Zong has achieved a 8 %market share.CONSUMER ANALYSISThe Pakistani mobile users are more price-conscious but in cellular sector they also dont agree on the quality of voice. So, By taking the advantage of this consciousness of the users mobile operators re enhancing product offering in the form of low rate packagesand lucre magnificationbyinstallingboaster.Mobile sector comes under verity seeking buying behavior by the buyer because it occurs under the conditions of low consumer intimacy and significant brand difference. In this market, consumer has low involvement they perceive the brand benefits on the basis crowning(prenominal) objective is to communicate to other at for off place. Buying is initiated by communication purpose. Everybody can enter in to buying process by need of communication. In the regard of this communication media vehicles play an important role in getting their service electred by the users. These days there is a rush of packages price, voice quality and coverage.The reason for this is that theirout in the market from the mobile service providers, targeting different market segments and offering all kinds of discounts depending on who you call or when you call. Off-peak timings ha ve always been used by service providers to create interest and to lure clients. So, customer seeks indifference among services provided by these cellular operators and shifting according to their desire. Factors that influencing on customer switch age to other operator of mobile mesh are, wrong Users use services of the operator to communication so on of the factor influencing the customer switch age is price. A person in this segment seeks the prices most important factor and operator of service are also offering verity of packages to make the customer attract. Where the price of any product is low pile change their taste and divert towards that low price product.Quality After the price people prefer quality of voice second because they are paying for the voice if the voice is not clear to them which they are paying for they defiantly they switch to other operators. CoverageAfter the quality of voice second for sale factor forcustomer switch age is coverage. Users perceive th at the operators services are lendable to them where they visit. If they find signal problem they may switch to more coverage operator in the sectors forward motion With promoting services that has factor too for consumer switch age. Fierce promotion leads an image in the mind of the consumers that company offers many servers and a customer focus company.MARKETPakistan currently has one of the largest allies of schoolboyish people in its history, with approximately 25 million people between the ages of 15 and 24. Target market group of cellular sector ranges from 15 to 64 percent which according to demographic profile of Pakistan consist of 56.9% ( manly 48,214,298 female 46,062,933) of total population. As in the Buying behavior we have studied that Female and male both contribute into making decision for the purchasing of the brand. So the both genders would be in target market.In spite of this professionals are also Mobilink target audience. The Employment Status categorizes m ajority (45%) as employees followed by own account workers (42%).About one in ten workers (11%) are reported as owing(predicate) family workers and one & a half percent as employers. As far changes in the comparative periods, free family workers fall by some fractions, employees indicate some increase while own account workers and employers stop on the same level. In the buying and sales ofrise of urban consumerism, global corporate such as Unilever, P & G, GlaxoSmithline and many small & medium enterprise and localnational companies emerges both invent and sell their productsMobilink brand also depends on these customers too. Along with thein Pakistan. In manufacturing and natural resources, Shell and BP are present in addition to the Pakistani state oil company. Honda, Nissan andSuzuki are among international automotive manufacturers with plants in Pakistan. Mobilink fulfill needs of these local MNCs local national and SMEs firms by providing them special service package smi rch InventoryCOMPETITORS ANALYSISCOMPETITIVE COMPARISON MATRIX meet innovation and VAS and data services to increase revenue Market Growth and industry expansionThreats Recession in economy. Rapid change in consumer demand. Inconsistent and adhoc decisions from regulatory authorities. Political Instability, Security issues. unfavourable shifts in trade policies of government. High taxation rate of activation tax is causing a interim in consumer growth especially all in rural areas. Price competition largerr competitors net coverage Strong advertisement and media presence of competitors Entrance of new competitors like Zong. Presence and the acceptability of competitor brand like Telenor and UfoneStrengths Leveraging brand equity from international corporate Abu Dhabi Group Having modern network capabilities in respect of radical. Financial strength of share holder and their telecom expertise Warid international striking Post paid based generating high ARPU State of the art I P based contact pertain and leading data center It hastechnical partnering involving SingTel, Nokia and Wateen.Weaknesses Need to expand network coverage. Need to increase brand awareness and improved marketpositioning Lack of proactive churn management and stimulate programs to cover up inactive subscriberPage 20 of 28Brand PositioningCOMPETITORS SWOT MATRIX measly promotional packages activitiesThe product line is too narrow.Strengths Subsidiary of PTCL. Stream line benefit. Knowledge about inelegant culture. Experience Variety of Value Added Service Broad market coverage.Weaknesses Stagnant Profitability Low market share as compare to competitor (Mobilink). Overly Dependent on PTCLStrengthsSuperior infrastructure & technology in PAKISTANHave a very strong financial.They have the ability and resources to hire skilled engineers. Large number of SubscriberWeaknessesLow market share as compare to competitor (mobilink)Limited coverage due to newly introduce in the marketSignal pro blem due to limited networkStrengthsWorld biggest networkA product of China Mobile Company.Page 21 of 28Brand PositioningLeverage financial resource from CMCExperienced administrationWeaknesses Low market share as compare to competitor They are unable to improve the network means that they are not using theirresources. There is the diversion of customers towards other brands due to connectivity issueBRAND INVENTORYBRAND ELEMENTSBrand elements consist of brand name, color, Urls, symbols slogans, sound and jingles through which one brand is differentiated from other brands.Brand NameMobilinkUrls http//www.mobilinkgsm.com intelligence and SymbolsSlogansApna HaiPurple and Whitish PurpleCORE BRAND VALUEPage 22 of 28Brand PositioningColorsQualityMobilink Telecom has an uncompromising commitment to quality in this regard. that is why they write no efforts in pursuing the best in network services product offerings.InnovationFor years people complained of the same things on mobiles. At cove rage they are constantly look to make the communication experience different by doing things in a better way. They already introduced 3G supportable system for macrocosm see the need of this in the near future. For seeing the growing trend of SMS usage Mobilink has introduces SMSC-less messaging infrastructure that controls the traffic of SMS and makes sure the delivery of messages without involving pending issues.Customer-FriendlinessThey enjoy working and succeeding together by structure close relationships. While they have a sense of purpose in their operations they also have a strong culture that demonstrates to customers that Reshaping communciation. Mobilink considers the needs of customers first.CoverageMobilink has widest network coverage all over Pakistan. One can find the network if they go to northern areas or remote city of PakistanMobilink message are communicated through using all channels of media including building an identity for the corporation and brand, adverti sing campaigns, sponsorships, media relations (newspaper coverage, press releases, press conference before launching etc), point of sale material preparation (brochures, tariffs, flyers etc), website. Message delivered on electronic media through jingle and using celebrity endorsement. First ever add that comes in the electronic media is symbolize with rain season that bring hope and refreshment and new joy. Now a day it bran message come man through ball to boys who are playing Cricket symbolize that Mobilink is customer oriented and helping the customer in even small mattes.MARKETING PROGRAMMediaMobilink has always attempt to deliver truthful and interesting advertising to its viewers. Through these ads they are trying to convey the message that Mobilink is only if meant for the peoples benefit and convenience. They advertise through Channels like Geo Super Geo, hum TV and through News channels, PTV, ARY and, News 1 TV, Dunya News etc.Print mediaMobilink has designed attractive brochures for their customers. These brochures hold all the necessary information about their package deals and tariffs. Hence, making it easier for the people to know about the general prices and services offered.SponsorshipMobilink advertise through sponsorship in Golf matches, Mobilink agreement with PCB and Mobilink and Citi card launch. Also it got sponsorship with Pizza Hut.BRAND ASSOCIATIONSThese are the desired associations which Mobilink wants to create in the mind of customers.Brand PositioningMobilinkVoice Quality bountifulness BrandNetwork Coverage